| Title |
Are All Code-Switches Processed Alike? Examining Semantic v. Language Unexpectancy |
| Authors |
Valdés Kroff J.R. , ROMÁN FERNÁNDEZ, PATRICIA ELENA, Dussias P.E. |
| External publication |
No |
| Means |
Front. Psychol. |
| Scope |
Article |
| Nature |
Científica |
| JCR Quartile |
2 |
| SJR Quartile |
2 |
| JCR Impact |
2.98800 |
| SJR Impact |
0.94700 |
| Web |
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091100700&doi=10.3389%2ffpsyg.2020.02138&partnerID=40&md5=3d3c60a0637b3556d997002d130aa491 |
| Publication date |
01/01/2020 |
| ISI |
000572503000001 |
| Scopus Id |
2-s2.0-85091100700 |
| DOI |
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02138 |
| Abstract |
Prior studies using the event-related potential (ERP) technique show that integrating sentential code-switches during online processing leads to a broadly distributed late positivity component (LPC), while processing semantically unexpected continuations instead leads to the emergence of an N400 effect. While the N400 is generally assumed to index lexico-semantic processing, the LPC has two different interpretations. One account suggests that it reflects the processing of an improbable or unexpected event, while an alternative account proposes sentence-level reanalysis. To investigate the relative costs of semantic to language-based unexpectancies (i.e., code-switches), the current study tests 24 Spanish-English bilinguals in an ERP reading study. Semantically constrained Spanish frames either varied in their semantic expectancy (high vs. low expectancy) and/or their language continuation (same-language vs. code-switch) while participants electrophysiological responses were recorded. The Spanish-to-English switch direction provides a more naturalistic test for integration costs to code-switching as it better approximates the code-switching practices of the target population. Analyses across three time windows show a main effect for semantic expectancy in the N400 time window and a main effect for code-switching in the LPC time window. Additional analyses based on the self-reported code-switching experience of the participants suggest an early positivity linked to less experience with code-switching. The results highlight that not all code-switches lead to similar integration costs and that prior experience with code-switching is an important additional factor that modulates online processing. © Copyright © 2020 Valdés Kroff, Román and Dussias. |
| Keywords |
bilingual (Spanish/English); code-switching; event-related potentials; late positive complex; N400; semantic processing |
| Universidad Loyola members |
|
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